Gay Judgement

People are often mislead by word judgement. Judgement is the process of forming an opinion or evaluation by discerning and comparing. Many people in the world today judge for no apparent reason. They judge because they do not know what to say about a person. Judgement can be passed when one criticizes people based on their clothes,car , and even their sexuality. Judgment on sexuality is the worst type of judgement the saying â€Å" Do not judge a book by it’s cover† can be definitely applied to sexuality bias.People should not be judged based on their sexuality because homosexual have come a long way since the 1950, freedom,acts as the catalyst to unnecessary suicides every year and unfortunately this judgement. Homosexual rights have came a long way since the 1050’s. Homosexual have been fighting the government since the 1950’s starting with the gay right movement. Until 2004 when everything changed. Massachusett declared that banning same-sex marriage wa s unconstitutional and legalized marriage for same-sex couples.Becoming the first state in the U. S. to do so. Connecticut ,Iowa, Vermont, Maine and New Hampshire all legalized same-sex marriage. Then the California Legislature Approved Gay Marriage,and granted same-sex couples most of the benefits of married couples such as the right to jointly file income tax returns, the right to bring a foreign partner into the United States and right to pass Social Security benefits on to a spouse.So far, more than 30,000 same-sex couples are registered in California as domestic partners. In the beginning the government was unwilling to recognize the rights of homosexual and look at them now they are giving the gays pride and glory while making everyone equal. Freedom was what the world wanted, but not everyone is free. Most homosexual people fight for their freedom because they want to be treated like everyone else.The 14th amendment states in section 1 â€Å"All persons born or naturalized i n the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. This states that everyone in the U. S is free. It does not state that gay people cannot be free. Everyone in the United State have their own freedom. Harsh and unfair judgement on homosexuals can lead to suicide. Tyler Clementi, 18, who was studying at Rutgers University, jumped from the George Washington Bridge, after a video of him with another man was posted online. Tyler was a young man who was really talented. People did not have to bully him or post video of him.Tyler was probably a quite guy who did not tell many people about his life. Many people ju st judge without knowing a person and that is not good. People should not judge a person if he/she does not know the person. Judgement may cause people to go insane. â€Å"Everything that irritates us about others can lead us to an understanding of ourselves. † Everyone should refer to with this quote and when they decide to judge a person remember that they are judging themselves.

Marketing Environment Essay

Marketing is a organizational function and a collection of processes designed to plan for create, communicate, and deliver value to customers and to build effective customer relationship in ways that benefit the organization and its stake holders. Profits and other organizational goals are achieved by creating value for customers. The creation of value is the realization of benefits that exceed the cost of products, services or other items. One important concept in marketing is the idea of utility. Utility is the satisfaction received from owning or consuming a product or service. In a market sense, utility is the value that marketers intend consumers to attach to that marketer’s product or services. A need is a necessity to meet an urgent requirement. A want is a desire for something that is not essential. Furthermore, demand is the financial capacity to buy what a person wants, for that business’s brand of products or services through marketing activities such as advertising. A brand is a promise to deliver to consumers specific benefits associated with products or services. Marketing influences you as a consumer through your current and future career choices, and through the economy. Marketing extends to a variety of tangible and intangible items; they are products, services, people, places, causes, events and ideas. Marketing concept is an organizational philosophy dedicated to understanding and fulfilling consumer needs through the creation of value. Marketing concept mainly focus on customers relationship. Customer relationship created when businesses and consumers interact through a sales transaction of a product or service. It will refer to customer relationship management (CRM). Marketing functions are activities performed within organizations that create value for specific products or services. In terms of understanding all these theory, we started Butterfly Travel Agency Sdn.Bhd to gain experience and knowledge in marketing as practically. Marketing Environment Marketing environment is a set of forces, some controllable and some uncontrollable, that influence the ability of a business to create value and attract and serve customers. Many factors influence value creation and the nature of customer relationships, including factors that are external to the business. Internal marketing is the implementation of marketing practices within an organization to communicate organizational policies to employees and internal stakeholders. Internal marketing efforts are the business’s resources, including human and financial capital. The external environment of a business involves activities, such as supplier and customer actions, that occur outside the organizational functions of a business. External marketing can be implements into microenvironment and macro environment. Microenvironment (Porter’s Five Forces) The microenvironment includes these forces close to a company, yet outside its internal environment, that influence the ability of a business to serve its customers. A tool that helps determine the power of microenvironment of a business is Porter’s Five Forces of competitive Position Model. Porter analysis can assist a business with understanding the potential for new product development the attractiveness of a particular market segment or the potential to reduce costs of supply or distribution among many applications. Macro environment The macro environment includes societal forces that are essentially uncontrollable and influence the microenvironment of a business. The macro environment contains the following variety of sub-environments are economic, social and cultural, competitive, legal, political and technological.

Violence in the Twentieth Century West Research Paper

Violence in the Twentieth Century West - Research Paper Example This report stresses that the forced collectivization of agriculture during the Stalin’s revolution was responsible for the mass killings that followed. The collectivization involved the peasant farmers combining their small farms to form one large piece of farm that would then be operated in accordance with the government’s regulations. The farmers who had heavily invested in their farms like the Kulaks resisted the idea of combining the farms, as they would be disadvantaged when combined with individuals whose lands were of poor quality. Out of brutality and ego centric form of leadership Stalin embarked in what he called the eradication of the whole clan of the Kulaks. He firmly believed that the entire clan was an enemy to his collectivization efforts and he did not see any other way to deal with them apart from eliminating them. The result was violence and political intolerance that resulted to mass killings which when combined with the other fights served to ensur e that millions of death characterized the early twentieth century. This paper makes a conclusion that the number of people who died unnatural deaths in the beginning of the twentieth century mainly from violence and political oppression was large and was mainly attributed to war, which was inevitable. Therefore, during this era war was celebrated by the people and was generally welcomed by majority of the people who did not see any other way they could live at peace apart from through war.

In may 2010 the people of britain elected a new government, which was Essay

In may 2010 the people of britain elected a new government, which was a historic moment in British politics. Explain what has ch - Essay Example After one year of power people have now begun to weigh the change in terms of their aspirations and ambitions materialized. Though it might be considered a little early to evaluate the change, nonetheless the change is yet not as evident as masses desired it to be. Specially, the change in student fee structure has disappointed a large majority of public. The raise was fully backed by the Conservatives and partially by the Liberal Democrat MPs. The main idea is to give universities more financial liberty to face the challenges of the technological advancements and other changes at global level and thereby improve the quality of education. As the Prime Minister David Cameron has said in an interview, â€Å"We won't go back. Look, even if we wanted to, we shouldn't go back to the idea that university is free.† (Guardian, 2010) Thought the intend is good behind the change in fee structure but it is not gradual as most of the critics have pointed out. The maximum allowable annual fee is now ?9,000 which is too much for many poor students. The universities have shown there intend to increase the fees to a maximum allowable limit which can adversely affect the education system. The liberty provided by the government to these universities is said to be more than the needful.

History Of Chanel Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Of Chanel - Research Paper Example The paper presents the products that became global icons. We could also say that the fame of the two Chanel products in the discussion was inspired by Coco Chanel's passion to reveal to the world what she loved most. These must have built the foundation for her success in the fashion industry. Channel remains to be one of the most popular industries, especially for women fashion. The company's logo alone is what women are dying to have and to be. Chanel is so popular with the fashionable young women because it arrives at every product category of the simple design of products it has. Chanel Camellia has gained so much popularity that has even been involved in beauty crà ¨me. Camellia is in Chanel skin care these days. The Hydra Beauty line is made up of Camellia Alba PFA as it stimulates optimal moisture within skin cells. Seemingly, camellia has grown so extensive not only in fashion wear but also in cosmetics. Most importantly, the company has most of the products that almost all women dream owning. These include fine handbags, fashionable dresses, and pairs of earring. Most Chanel products are also designed with so much care and creativity to an extent that it appears so responsible to what people wear. With all these, it is quite obvious that the Chanel brand will stay relevant for years to come while offering a wide range of fashion for men, women, and children. This is, therefore, a company that should be placed at the place of 'master distributors'.

Managerial Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 Assignment

Managerial Applications of Technology (Emerging IT Trends) 2 - Assignment Example This can therefore be termed as the current trend in business. It is important that a business adheres to emerging trends in all aspects. Adhering is not sufficient; rather, there are certain advantages which come with adopting them earlier. These include being ahead of competitors, or reaping the most out of business before the said information technology trend expires or is shared amongst many users. This means that waiting to see how an emerging trend will transpire is not the best idea since a business entity may end up adopting it late, or after competitors have gained the upper hand (Reynolds, 2010). There are, however risks involved, such as adopting the information technology trend, then it fails, or does not auger as expected. This therefore categorizes the trend as a risk. One potential occurrence is that an organization may adopt an emerging trend which may not be acceptable, or may impact negatively on it. For example, a business may convert to an online entity upon which there may be less client visits or sales since technology is not available to everyone. It is therefore important that managers take caution before embracing emerging (new) information technology trends. Certain considerations can be made, such as â€Å"testing† them before applying them (Doyle, 2000). These can be done by analyzing or forecasting what is likely to emerge from the application of a certain emerging trend. These would be effective in countering losses or inconveniences which may arise from applying the new trends, which lack experience. High, P. (2013, October 14). â€Å"Gartner: Top 10 Strategic Technology Trends for 2014.† Forbes. Retrieved on 4 July, 2014 from

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

History - Essay Example Although the presence of the British in Indian subcontinent was not as significant as in other possessions of the Crown, the British succeeded to rule two-thirds of India directly while the rest of British India comprised the semi-autonomous Princely States. Furthermore the Mistress of the Seas utilized successfully â€Å"Divide and Rule† principle in India as a means of precluding the natives form uprising against the puppet Raj rule. British policies in India resulted in numerous crop-failures and famines killing over 10 million of people In this atmosphere of Muslim-Hindu hostility first step towards independence of India and western-fashioned democracy was taken with the designation of councilors of Indian descend to assist the viceroy, and with the creation of made up of Indians provincial councils. From 1920 such leaders as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi initiated extremely popular mass movement to strive against the Raj regime, using predominantly non-violent, peaceful methods. There were however several leaders which adopted belligerent approach. The strong impact Mohandas Gandhi had on India as well his ability to obtain independence through entirely peaceful, non-violent movement made him followed by example. He suggested Indians to wear minimum of home-made clothes to undermine the British textile manufacture. He also orchestrated the idea of the march to the sea, where the protesters were making the salt of their own protesting against the British monopoly. Indians awarded their spiritual leader with the name Mahatma that stands for Great Soul Although there were other movements striving for Indian independence from the Crown it was Gandhian non-violent movement that played the crucial role in achieving Indian freedom in 1947. Having at last obtained independence Indians were saved form fratricidal war. (Heehs 1998) Unlike India Russia has not succeeded to change her political order without violence. However Russians overthrew despotic stardom that

Visual Analysis Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Analysis Assessment - Assignment Example She is standing sideways with her hands akimbo. There is a telephone to the left of Mr. Clark and next to the telephone is a sculpture in the shape of a flower. . There is a table in front of Mrs. Clark with a yellow book and a vase full of lilies sitting on it. Green shutters frame the door through which a balcony is visible from behind Mr. and Mrs. Clarke. Beyond the balcony is a house and the top branches of trees are visible creating the idea that the couple were painted on the first or second floor (Hockney, 2001). There is a painting on the wall behind Mrs. Clark. The details of the painting are not very clear but one can see buildings with water on the foreground. The three-dimensional aspect of the painting creates a perspective that creates space. The painting is divided into three sections: foreground, middle and background. The foreground consists of the table, the vase, white lily flowers and the yellow book. The cat (named Percy), Mr. and Mrs. Clark, the telephone and the Indian art are placed in the middle. The background entails the outside world as seen through the open door, the paintings on the wall behind Mrs. Clark and the rest of the wall. The carpet joins the foreground with the middle ground seamlessly. Colors were creatively used to enhance perspective in the painting. The background between the couple consists of light colors that create an illusion of light from the outside coming in the room and illuminating the entire room. Darker colors have been used on Mr. Clark’s side while lighter colors have been used on Mrs. Clark’s side. There is a unique interplay of light and dark colors to Mr. Clark’s shadow, which appear lighter than the shadow created by both the telephone and the Indian sculpture. Besides, the painting can be divided into two based on the interplay between the dark and the light colors. Mr. Clark’s side of the painting is darker and is progressively lighter towards Mrs. Clark’s

How meditation can help you become happier and healthier Annotated Bibliography

How meditation can help you become happier and healthier - Annotated Bibliography Example Most of the research done in the articles has strongly linked mindfulness meditation with neurology. In the article, meditation has been associated with various health benefits. It describes a situation where an individual has been able to overcome pain resulting from degenerative osteoarthritis. Moreover, the same practice has been shown to help in relieving symptoms of some diseases such as hypertension and chronic pain. In addition, it has been shown to accelerate the treatment of diseases such as anxiety, depression, and high blood pressure. The source is very useful in highlighting the health benefits that are linked to one engaging in meditation. The source is objective as it is based on various scientific researches. The source will be significant in my research as it will help in proving the health benefit of those that actively takes part in mediation. Freeman, David. â€Å"Try This Simple Meditation Method To Be Happier, Healthier & More Caring (PODCAST).† Huffingtonpost.com. Web. 01 May 2015. . The article begins with noting how powerful the brain is in terms of thinking and reasoning. The brain is also noted as giving human power to reflect on the past and also in controlling the emotions. In a research is done, mediation has been shown as a powerful way of stopping negative emotions and enhancing our resilience in the presence of various challenges that occur in life. It is seen as providing a chance for individual to interrogate their minds. As noted, it helps in increasing awareness of our minds and the mental processes. Hence, in participation in mediation even at a short duration enhances our mental focus as well as empathy and altruism. Consequently, it is described as an ingredient that can uplift one

Principales Temas Essay Example for Free

Principales Temas Essay Este viaje, alegi ricamente representa la trayectoria de la vida de Blanche. Los Campos Eli seos son la tierra de los muertos en la mitologi a griega. La bi squeda de toda la vida de Blanche de sus deseos sexuales ha conducido a su desahucio de Belle Reve, su ostracismo del Laurel, y, al final del juego, su expulsii n de la sociedad en general. El sexo conduce a la muerte. En todas partes del juego, Blanche es atormentada por las muertes de sus antepasados, El suicidio de su marido es el resultado de la desaprobacii n de su homosexualidad. En la Escena Nueve, cuando la mujer mexicana aparece vendiendo flores para los muertos, la reacciona Blanche con el horror porque la mujer anuncia el destino de Blanche. Su locura es el final causado por sus defectos duales su inhabilidad de actuar de manera apropiada sobre su deseo y su miedo desesperado de mortalidad humana. El sexo y la muerte esti n unidos fatalmente en la experiencia de Blanche. LAS PASIONES: LOS RECUERDOS: DEPENDENCIA DEL HOMBRE: Un Tranvi a Llamado Deseo presenta una cri tica aguda del camino, las instituciones y las actitudes de Ami rica de la posguerra y las restricciones contra la mujer. Williams usa la dependencia de Blanche y Stella de los hombres para exponer la cri tica y el tratamiento de la mujer. Tanto Blanche como Stella ven a sus compai eros masculinos como su i nico significado de felicidad, y ellas dependen de los hombres tanto para su sustento como para su autoimagen. Blanche reconoce que Stella podri a ser mi s feliz sin su marido. Cuando Stella decide permanecer con Stanley, ella decide confiar y creer en un hombre en vez de su hermana. Williams no necesariamente critica a Stella sino que lo que hace es limpiar hacer ver que Stanley representa un futuro mucho mi s seguro que Blanche. Blanche ve el matrimonio de Mitch como su medio de destitucii n. Blanche tiene una reputacii n pobre. Esta reputacii n hace que Blanche tenga una perspectiva del matrimonio poco atractiva, pero, porque ella es indigente, Blanche ve el matrimonio como su i nica posibilidad para la supervivencia. Cuando Mitch rechaza a Blanche inmediatamente piensa en otro hombre el millonario Shep Huntleigh quii n podri a rescatarla. Blanche no comprende que su dependencia de los hombres la conduciri a su cai da mas que a su salvacii n. Por confiar en los hombres, Blanche pone su destino en las manos de otros. LUZ En todas las partes del juego que aparece Blanche no aparece la luz directa, brillante, sobre todo delante de su pretendiente, Mitch. Ella tambii n rechaza revelar su autentica edad, y esta claro que ella evita la luz para impedirle ver la realidad de su belleza. En general, la luz tambii n simboliza la realidad del pasado de Blanche. En el que ella estaba atormentada por los fantasmas como su primer amor, su objetivo en la vida, su dignidad, y la sociedad distinguida de sus antepasados. Blanche cubre la luz con una linterna de papel de arroz, y rechaza las citas con Mitch durante el di a. Mitch se da cuenta, y sera en la Escena Nueve, cuando i l se enfrenta y cuenta las historias de Stanley y la habla de su pasado. Mitch entonces fuerza a Blanche a ponerse de pie bajo la luz. Entonces la que no le preocupa su edad sino su falsedad, Blanche responde diciendo que ella no pensaba hacerle dai o. La inhabilidad de Blanche de tolerar la luz significa que se acerca su realidad final. En la Escena Seis, Blanche dice a Mitch que esta enamorada de su marido, Allan Grey, era como tener el mundo lleno de luz brillante, viva. Desde el suicidio de Allan, Blanche dice, la luz brillante desapareceri. Los encuentros sexuales de Blanche con otros hombres, han experimentado la luz si lo di bil. La luz brillante, por lo tanto, representa la joven inocencia sexual de Blanche, mientras la luz pobre representa su madurez sexual y desilusii n. BAi O- En todas partes de un Tranvi a el Deseo Llamado, Blanche se bai a. Sus experiencias sexuales la han hecho una mujer histi rica, pero estos bai os, como ella dice, son para tranquilizar sus nervios. Sus esfuerzos por olvidar y deshacerse de su pasado, estos bai os representan sus esfuerzos por limpiarse de su historia odiosa. Stanley tambii n se bai a para deshacer una fechori a, cuando i l se ducha despui s de la paliza de Stella. La ducha sirve para calmar su cari cter violento; despui s, i l abandona el cuarto de bai o se siente arrepentido y llama con ansia a su esposa. ALCOHOLISMO Tanto Stanley como Blanche beben en exceso en varios puntos de la obra. La bebida de Stanley es una actividad social: i l bebe con sus amigos en la barra, durante sus juegos de pi ker, y para celebrar el nacimiento de su nii o. La bebida de Blanche, es antisocial, y ella trata de mantenerlo en secreto. Ella bebe para eludirse de la cruda realidad. Un estado de estupor borracho le permite imaginar, preparar una huida con Shep Huntleigh. Para ambos caracteres, la bebida conduce al comportamiento destructivo: Stanley comete la violencia domi stica, y Blanche se engai a. VIOLENCIA-Otro tema que obsesioni a Williams fue la violencia. A lo largo de esta obra la violencia se palpa en cada escena. Hay distintos tipos de violencia: La violencia verbal(Stanley habla de forma brusca a su mujer y a la hermana de esta, Blanche. Blanche tambii n habla con cierto tono de superioridad a Stanley, recordandole que ellas provienen de una familia acomodada y i l es solo un polaco)y la violencia fi sica( Stanley descarga todas sus frustraciones en Stella. Este le pega por que se siente inferior y no acepta que Stella le diga lo que tiene que hacer. Stanley tambii n viola a Blanche, para demostrarle quien manda en su casa). La violencia fi sica siempre aparece despui s del alcohol. Blanche no acepta esta violencia pero su hermana Stella ya esti acostumbrada a ella y le resta importancia. El resultado de toda esta violencia es la locura. Con este final Williams nos quiere dejar ver que no se puede vivir fuera de las reglas de la sociedad. Si eres lo suficientemente valiente para mostrarte tal y como eres, el resultado es la locura causada por la intolerancia de todo el mundo. HOMOSEXUALIDAD- El personaje homosexual ausente (muerto antes de levantarse el teli n) impregna la atmi sfera opresiva y oni rica de la obra y ayuda a dar sentido a todo lo que ocurre. El recuerdo de Allan el joven casado con Blanche, y se suicida. En los dramas de Williams de esta i poca el homosexual sale del armario para ser expulsado del texto. Sus personajes mueren porque no pueden afrontar un mundo real donde su diferencia sexual es un hecho socialmente inaceptable y ellos mismos no pueden vivirla con total franqueza. Los personajes gays de sus obras mi s conocidas y de mayor i xito han muerto antes de que se levante el teli n. Han muerto o se han suicidado en un arrebato de pi nico homosexual como Allan. En ella se inclui an de pasada temas como el incesto, la homosexualidad o el canibalismo aunque el verdadero eje de la trama en el filme fuera el miedo la locura y la confusii n entre fantasi a y realidad.

The meaning and impact of discrimination

The meaning and impact of discrimination One has constructed this essay in a manner in which the reader will be able to appreciate the motives of discrimination and inequality and when they could take place; as well as the meaning and the impact they have, not only on the LGBT community but on the society as a whole. Throughout this essay one will attempt to identify the manifestation of inequality in the modern society, which in spite of everything is still occurring even after the Equality Act 2010 has come into practice and it introduced the Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED). This essay will focus on and around the inequality experienced by the LGBT community only, while keeping in mind of the fact that many other communities are suffering due to the injustice caused by being discriminated against. Supposedly, due to a recent period of advancement in law-making, the people identifying themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) are benefiting from extraordinary privileges and safeguarding which were initiated in the light of the appalling experiences they had, as well as promoting diversity; these rights are protected by the legal system in the UK, but are they mere theories/ideologies whose application still remains of question? Many people have overlooked any existing inequalities post enforcement of the aforementioned laws, thinking that if the law exist it means that it will happen. This essay will critically appraise the actual application of these laws within public and private organizations as well as at an individual level. The writer contemplates on commencing this essay with investigating the definitions of inequality and discrimination, for the reason that it will provide a solid foundation for the further understanding of the aforementioned terminology often described as a concern within the society; as well as providing reassurance that the reader is in agreement with the writer as far as the meaning of the words. According to Collins’ dictionary, inequality is the disparity in social class, assets, health, and prospect between human beings or social classes. The inequalities may be experienced by everybody, especially those people who are part of minority groups. Inequality is often stemmed from the society’s discriminatory behaviour practiced by institutions, governmental chambers and individuals in the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Wales and Northern Ireland (UK) towards the people identifying themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). Subsequently, one would like to define the term discrimination, similar words that relate are bigotry, bias, injustice, favouritism, unfairness, inequity, prejudice, and intolerance. In essence, it refers to certain individuals or groups of people behaving unfairly (discriminating), toward a person or a group of people they perceive to be different from themselves or the group of people they associate with. Discrimination often stems from people’s evolutionary fear of the unknown, promoted by the lack of education and obliviousness towards phenomena that are regarded as out of the ordinary. Lorde, A talks about her opinion on the social division present in our society â€Å"It is not our differences that divide us. It is our inability to recognize, accept, and celebrate those differences.† Lorde, A. (1995) The society became indoctrinated overtime and the discriminatory practices have come to be accepted as culturally/societally and furthermore unswervingly tolerable. This of course, should have been subject to change in the modern society of the twenty first century. Regrettably, the society has learned nothing from history, and an abundant amount of discrimination is still present and it leads to societies morals being questioned. This is mainly due to argumentum ad populum[1] which leads people to have unthinkable preoccupations just to belong and feel accepted. The reader may be familiar with the concept of â€Å"othering† also known as â€Å"otherness†. Classified as a psychological approach, it is fundamental to sociological studies and it illustrates the imbalance within political power between the majority and the minority groups. It appears that from a sociological perspective the majority versus minority power balance leans towards the majority. Othering is a ma nner of obtaining one’s own definite individuality as a result of the defaming of an other†. Bauman, Z claims that the notion of otherness is based on the fact that the human individualities are established as irreconcilable difference and he approves of the idea of otherness as an acceptable social concept. One would argue that this theory is defending the need for social classification based on the higher number of people which belong to a certain set of criteria which are more commonly found; furthermore making this theory very short sighted. One must aim for equality as a social norm, Goldwater, B explains that† Equality, rightly understood as our founding fathers understood it, leads to liberty and to the emancipation of creative differences; wrongly understood, as it has been so tragically in our time, it leads first to conformity and then to despotism. â€Å"Goldwater, B (1964) LGBT communities often live with â€Å"The sword of Damocles†[2] hanging above their heads meaning that they live under constant real and perceive threat during their lives, having an impact on their relationships with friends and family, health status, mental health (there are higher risks of depression, suicide, anxiety and mental distress in the LGBT population), and financial deficits. These people feel the need to â€Å"come out† in front of their friends and family, and want to be accepted without the fear of rejection and guilt. Then again, why the notion of â€Å"coming out of the closet†? The society is building closets to hide what they want to avoid, i.e. skeletons in the closet. Do heterosexual people have to make their sexual orientation public and fear of disapproval, rejection, and discrimination? One of the reasons for all this unwanted attention towards people’s sexual orientation may be because focusing on the LGBT community and spending energy and time on discriminating (please see otherness) is a red herring[3] used to distract the society’s attention from more important problems such as poverty and recession. The aforementioned theory is a mere extrapolation, such trying to find reason in madness or a as Nietzsche portrays it â€Å"†¦.there is also always some reason in madness Nietzsche (1914) although some people do prefer to accept it as oppose to admitting that people can be so venal. Wilkinson et al believes that â€Å"although sexual orientation is only one component of an individuals sexual identity there is a common misconception that the components of a persons sexual identity operate in parallel. For example, when people are described as possessing cross-gender sex roles, they are more likely to be perceived as being gay or lesbian.† Wilkinson, Wayne and Roy, Andrew (2005) One cannot avoid drawing attention to the standing of the Christian Church and its philosophies, and their impact on people’s way of life (at least from a historical perspective). Therefore, one of the reasons behind the inequality and discrimination people within the LGBT community are experiencing, it is due to the intransigent position of the Abrahamic religions[4] as far as sexual orientation. The Church is (was) profoundly engrossed within the social and cultural background, especially in the very religious population but not limited to; this has engendered fallacies emerged from pious puritanical dogmas regarding the individuals with non-heterosexual orientation. Therefore these individuals exposed to the aforesaid ideologies have grown up to think that it is unnatural and dehumanizing to have a non-heterosexual orientation. This may affect the individual as far as their own sexual orientation thus often causing them to deny who they are, keep it hidden and even practice suicidal behaviour (please see closet); or practice homophobic behaviour with a view in being accepted in their communities. On the other hand, many Christian denominations adopt newer and more open ideas about homosexuality, which allows more people to keep following their faith while being themselves. Many people/health professionals/social worker fail to understand that homosexuality is only a small aspect of a person’s individuality. The reader may inquire about the impact of the inequality towards the LGBT community on today’s society and vice versa. It is causing a social problem, for the reason that the society ends up persecuting prolific members of the society who would be able to elicit much beneficial changes for the posterity. Unfortunately the lack of opportunities, the mental distress and disapproval they experience leads to them not being able to achieve their full potential and thus impedes the social growth and progress. On the other hand, the constant discrimination and harassment experienced by these individuals could evoke strengths of character in certain people, who would eventually become leaders of the resistance against inequality and discriminatory practices. They may devise strategies to further educate the masses by becoming transparent and open themselves up to sharing their private experiences with others. Ultimately, fighting for the rights to be heard and accepted as parents, as spouses, as teachers, as friends, colleagues, leaders, care providers and furthermore human beings as well as form closely knit groups which provide emotional support to one another. One of these people is Lorde, A, a well-known civil rights, feminist movements activist and writer emerged from the LGBT community as an advocate by voicing her view on the importance of community support; The outsider, both strength and weakness. Yet without community there is certainly no liberation, no future, only the most vulnerable and temporary armistice between me and my oppression.† Audre Lorde (1996) One could argue that there are many people within the society who are celebrating the differences in people and that in the ideal world people would accept the variety of sexual orientation as a norm and utilizing the knowledge regarding the aforementioned only when offering personalized support. One’s outlook about the necessary awareness of individual’s sexual orientation by the private and governmental institutions is further explained by Trevor Phillips, Chair of Equality and Human Rights in his speech as it follows â€Å"Commission Data matters– because injustice that goes unseen goes uncorrected. How can we expect care homes to be sensitive to the needs of older LGB residents, or schools to the needs of the children being brought up by same-sex couples, if they don’t even acknowledge they’re there?† Sadly, the society teaches their children that discrimination is a tolerable practice thus leading towards an impasse and further narrowing of the acceptance. The homophobic views of the parents get transferred onto their children, people may be able to see children from an early age i.e. in the kindergarten using terminology such as â€Å"gay† or â€Å"lesie† as insults among themselves and others, leading to a negative view of homosexuality from an early age. Should a modern society accept this sort of behaviour from the future generations? The reader may think that the aforementioned statements could not be accurate, taking in consideration the Human Rights Act of 1989 as well as the Equality Act of 2010 and other laws and policies which support the equality of the individual at large. Well, in the light of such thoughts one feels the need to go even further and illustrate with examples these inequalities. Ellison et al explains that â€Å"Nearly four in ten lesbians and gay men reported that they had been bullied, felt frightened and had suffered from low self-esteem.† Ellison and Gunstone, 2009 Social workers will without a doubt come in contact with service users which identify themselves as LGBT. Therefore they must be able to communicate by using acceptable terms, be respectful and take in consideration the person as a whole, pertaining to their physical, emotional and financial needs. Disregarding a person’s sexual orientation, would be like ignoring somebody’s arm, it is part of them, a piece of the puzzle. One must carefully identify areas of inequality and discrimination, which the service users may be experiencing and make use of this information to further one’s understanding and awareness of the support needed. Spirituality, togetherness, health needs, age and other factors must be taken in consideration when evaluating a service user’s needs. The sad truth is that there is a tendency in the social and health professionals to assume heterosexuality in the elderly. This is inadvertently discriminative practice. On the other hand, the soc ial worker must be able to reflect honestly on their own feelings and beliefs regarding other people’s various sexual orientation; being aware of any prejudices one may have would help to provide anti discriminative support to the service users. To be able to explain the seriousness of the issues discussed within this essay, one must quote Ellison et al for a second time, they claim that â€Å"55 per cent of gay men, 51 per cent of lesbians and 21 per cent of bisexual women and men said they would not live in certain places in Britain because of their sexual orientation.† Ellison and Gunstone, (2009). This is unacceptable by the moral and ethical standards expected from today’s society, therefore the social worker must be aware of the people who do live in those areas and empower and safeguard them as necessary. On the other hand Ellison et al also explains that â€Å"Seven in 10 lesbians (69 per cent) and gay men (70 per cent) felt they could be open about their sexual orientation in the workplace without fear of discrimination or prejudice. This contrasts sharply with only around two in 10 (23 per cent) bisexual men and three in 10 (30 per cent) bisexual women who felt the same. 83 per cent of respondents would be happy or felt neutral about having an openly LGB manager at work† Ellison and Gunstone, (2009). This provides proof that the society has grown to be more accepting of the LGBT community and that the laws and policies are being enforced within private and governmental organisations. It appears that education seems to make a big difference as far as being open and accepting of diversity. There is evidence of bullying due to sexual orientation at school levels, were people get physically and emotionally abused. ‘People call me â€Å"gay† everyday, sometimes people kick me or push me, they shut me out of games during school gym and they steal my belongings.’ James, 17, secondary school (South West). Hunt and Jensen, (2007) The social worker, needs to be able to act as an advocate for these people, they must be empowered and supported so they learn to accept themselves. In summary, the society inclines to be critical of the people in the LGBT community due to different factors; these are religious, cultural, fuelled by fear of unknown, lack of education, upbringing, and avoidance behaviour(i.e. questioning own sexuality). Unfortunately, this translates into discrimination and inequality, which leads to many unwanted effects. Due to the fact that this paper is a mere literature review, one could not offer more specific examples of actual cases, therefore this article talks more generally about inequality and where it may be present, it’s impact on the society and the individuals as well as the impact of the law on the changes that have taken place towards acceptance of the LGBT community. As a future social worker, one finds that the knowledge acquired through the present paper will be of great aid to further one’s knowledge in understanding not only the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population, but also other minority groups that more often than many people would expect suffer in silence. After much research, one must admit that there is very little literature present about the ageing and LGBT population. As the population is getting older, many people in the aforementioned community are interested in their future, especially if their partners pass away. Many transgender population live in fear that if they lose their capacity, will they still be able to get their hormonal treatment to maintain their identity. Therefore, one would suggest further research in that area, in form of an empirical study. [1] Latin for appeal to the people- deceptive claim that presumes an insinuation to be accurate for the reason that numerous people accept it to be true. [2] The Sword of Damocles- in this context to be read living in constant fear please see Bibliography [3] something that deceives or distracts from important issues [4] This of course is the theoretical view of the Church, one must take in account that there are many religious people and organisations that are happy to accept and support the LGBT community such as YMCA.

Essay --

When considering the topic of poverty and hunger, many Americans look outside the borders of the United States. However, food insecurity is an issue that plagues millions of American households each year. The United States Department of Agriculture found that 14.5% of American households faced food insecurity during 2012. These households were defined as having â€Å"difficulty at some time during the year providing enough food for all their members due to a lack of resources† (Nord, Singh, Coleman-Jensen). This is a problem that affects the nation entirely. However, there are some states that have a significantly larger population facing food insecurity. Many, but not all, of these states lie in the South Eastern region of the United States. Mississippi and Arkansas both have over 19.5% of their populations facing food insecurity (â€Å"Hunger and Poverty Statistics†). The US has been facing food security issues since its establishment. However, the problem began to draw immense public attention during the Great Depression. While there was not one sole focusing event, the images of bread lines and the millions of starving Americans caused policy makers to begin drafting legislation to alleviate these issues. This issue of hunger moved from the systematic agenda into the institutional agenda in May of 1939, when the first Food Stamp Program was piloted (â€Å"A Short History on SNAP†). However, this program became obsolete after just four years. It was not until 1961 that the federal government reinstituted a food distribution program. In fact, this was president John F. Kennedy’s first executive order (â€Å"A Short History on SNAP†). As time progressed, and political mood changed, many changes, modifications, and amendments have been made to the n... ... this policy, I would argue that the Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP) is extremely useful and beneficial for the American Public. Personally, I believe that the federal government has a responsibility to ensure that the basic needs of its citizens, such as food security, are met. This program has been proven to be effective in reducing the burden of food insecurity on many families and individuals nationwide. After reviewing the costs and efficiency of the program, it is clear that there is very little oversight and administrative cost burden placed on taxpayers. In addition, with stringent policies against SNAP fraud and trafficking, taxpayers can be ensured that their money goes to those in need. After evaluating this policy on several criteria, I think that is extremely effective in accomplishing its goal of reducing food insecurity within the United States.

Hydric Soils as a Part of Water Treatment in Wetland Systems Essay

Hydric Soils as a Part of Water Treatment in Wetland Systems Most basically, a hydric soil is defined as "A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (Kent, 1994, p. 26)." Included by this definition in the United States Department of Agriculture/Soil Conservation Service's list Hydric Soils of the United States are all of the poorly drained and very poorly drained soils and most of the somewhat poorly drained soil series. Hydric soils are further categorized into two major groups: mineral soils and organic soils. Histosols (organic soils) typically contain at least 46 cm of organic matter in the upper part of the soil profile. They are grouped by the degree to which plant material and fibers are decomposed. Most decayed are the saprists (muck), followed by hemists (mucky-peats and peaty mucks), and fibrists (peats), the least decomposed. (Folists, the fourth group of organic soils, are not regarded as hydric soils because the organic part is not inundation or saturation derived.) Mineral soils ordinarily have less organic matter in the upper part of the soil profile than histosols. To be considered hydric soil, a mineral soil must meet specific drainage and water table criteria that indicate at least 15 consecutive days of saturation or 7 days of inundation during the growing season. Hydric mineral soils include soils in the Aquic subgroups, Aquic suborders, Albolls suborder, Salorthids great groups and Pell great groups of vertisols (Kent, 1994). In the field, hydric soils are distinguished by indicators displayed within the root zone. These include histosols, histic epipedons, high organic matter content in the surface hori... ...aton, C. K. Smoley, 216 p. Kadlec, Robert H., and Robert L. Knight, 1996, Treatment Wetlands: Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers, 893 p. Kent, Donald M., editor, 1994, Applied Wetlands Science and Technology: Boca Raton, Lewis Publishers, 436 p. Landers, Judith C., and Barbara A. Knuth, 1991, Use of Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement under the USEPA Region V Clean Lakes Program: Environmental Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 151-162. Mitsch, William J., and Gosselink, James G., 1993, Wetlands, Second Edition: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 722 p. Simmons, Robert C., Arthur J. Gold, and Peter M. Groffman, 1992, Nitrate Dynamics in Riparian Forests: Groundwater Studies: Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 21, pp. 659-665. Singer, Michael J., and Donald N. Munns, 1996, Soils: An Introduction, Third Edition: Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, 480 p.

Comparing The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Book of Job Essay -- Compare C

Centuries ago, two books were written with similar and different ideas. The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Book of Job have different settings although they both discuss friendship, death and mortality, pain and suffering, and characters, but individually the book of Job examines where human beings stand in the world. The Epic of Gilgameshis thought to have been orally recited in the late third millennium B.C.E in Sumer. Gilgameshis a semi historical, two- thirds god and one-third man, ruler of the city of Uruk in Sumer in the region of Mesopotamia approximately in 2800 B.C.E (19). The book of job takes place in Uz around the 530’s B.C.E (34). The Epic of Gilgamesh and the book of job both have similar and different characters. They both have important gods although in the book of job there is only one god. In the book of job the only god is Yahweh. He is the all knowing and the creator of the universe. In the Epic of Gilgamesh there are many gods and goddesses including the most mentioned one; Ishtar. Ishtar is the goddess of love, fertility, and war. Job is the main character in the book of job, he questions god, and he creates the plot by obeying and then disobeying god. The friend of job come to show sympathy for job and Enkidu is the reason for the change of man in Gilgamesh. Both stories have a villain, in the book of Job it is Satan and in the Epic of Gilgamesh, it is Ishtar in the beginning for killing Enkidu and then it is the serpent for taking the plants away from Gilgamesh. Both the Epic of Gilgamesh and the book of job have friendship in common. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, Enkidu and Gilgamesh have a very strong and unbreakable friendship. Gilgamesh turns away from the affection of the Goddess Ishtar for his platoni... ...n the world. Job questions what god is really doing for him. Then god talks to job in question form about the creation of the earth. This shows that jobs is very small compared to god, so small that he cannot even being to understand some of the the things god is telling him. Chapter 38 proves to job that humans are far below the power of god then in chapter 42 job quickly shames himself for the previous things he said. The Epic of Gilgamesh and the book of job are similar because they both share themes characters and setting. These two books differ because the book of job because it has a major theme that discusses where humans stand in the world. Works Cited Fiero, Gloria K. The Humanistic Tradition. 6th ed. Bk. 1. Boston: McGraw, 2011. Print. â€Å"From the Epic of Gilgamesh.† Fiero 19-23. â€Å"From the Hebrew Bible: The Book of Job.† Fiero 34-36.

Leadership and Management in Nursing Essay

Nursing is a very demanding and dedicated profession and the current shortage is a serious problem at all levels of nursing and is the dearth of leaders among nurses. Leadership and management are essential skills for all qualified healthcare professionals and have a pivotal role in ensuring a delivery of high standards of care. Developing future nurse leaders is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession, (Mahoney, 2001). The author is currently working as a midwife in one of the big hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The average deliveries per month are 500-600. There are 22 midwives in this unit and there are eight vacant posts for midwives . Due to the shortage of midwives, these professional staffs are subjected to personal and work related stress. Preston et, al. (1981) defined stress as an adaptive response, mediated by individual characteristics or psychological processes. The negative effects of stress could be evident in staff absenteeism, hostility, and aggression. This will impair the provision of quality care and the effective functioning of the organization. (Healy & McKay, 1999). The adverse effect of workload and stress in the author’s placement has lead to an alarming high staff turnover. Apparently, the increased workload has affected the staff performances and the quality of nursing care. When the staff feel that they are not cared for, then they find it difficult to care for patients ( Atwater & Bass 1994, Lancaster 1999). In this assignment, the author will explore the various leadership styles and their theories and also distinguish the functions between leadership and management. The author will also critically explore the manager’s leadership practice in labor and delivery suite, thus creating a culture of reducing stress. The link of leadership style from the aspect of work, environment, communication, empowerment, delegation, implications, conclusion and recommendations will be discussed further. Leaders are not someone who holds top position but also able to give assistance to others, (Mahoney, 2001). Whereas in my placement, the head nurse, who is the leader, never gives a helping hand during the deliveries. She anticipates the midwives to conduct and manage the deliveries, even though there’s shortage of staff. The nurse manager has to prepare the correct number of staff on each shift with the credentials to do the job and must be aware of the policies regarding overtime, floating from one unit to another. She must form a competent team and manage them to carry out the plan for reaching the goal of excellent patient care. Effective leaders are not merely someone who is skillful but they must acquire good attitudes, (Cook, 2001). The nurse manager must understand the factors surrounding the current situation in the unit and have the knowledge of various approaches to leadership that will help to understand and determine the best leadership approach to create a positive work environment to reduce stress. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence, inspire and motivate a group of people towards the achievement of its goal, (Yuki, 2002). Management is a process of getting things done effectively through planning and organization of services which is one of the basic function of management whereas the leader is an intermediary between work group and the top management, (Marquis and Huston, 2006). The manager uses a formal and rational method whilst the leader uses passions and stirs emotions. Without enabling and empowering nursing leadership, efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare will be limited and short-lived, as said by Kelly (2008). For a leader to achieve the goal, she must have the three essential things which are power, authority and influence to act in a way that will stimulate a positive respond from the staff (Tomey, 2009). Leaders will emerge when nurses feel valued and inspired to strive for excellence. They aim to improve patient care via a cohesive work force by focusing on interpersonal relationships between leaders and subordinates, (Malby 1997). A nursing leader should have a distinctive set of personal qualities, integrity, courage, initiative, ability to handle stress, think critically, able to resolve problems without conflicts, skillful communication and must be empathetic. They are not those who control others but they act as visionaries who help staff to plan, lead, control and organize their activities, (Jooste,2004). There are many types of leadership. Autocratic type of leaders are those who make all decisions and expect others to follow without questioning and never seek advice from others, (Sullivan & Decker 2005). This situation had made some of the midwives to leave for greener pastures. The current health system has advanced in technology and improved in care giving services (Cook, 2001). The author feels that this leadership style is no longer tenable and fits into the contemporary nursing practice and a consumer responsive culture. Democratic leaders encourage the participant of staff and use a consensus for decision making, (Sullivan & Decker 2005) whereas bureaucratic leadership occurs when a leader rigidly adheres to rules, regulations and policies of the organization, (Jenkins and Henderson, 1984). Instead of providing sufficient support and consideration, my nurse manager demonstrates these leadership qualities because she uses rules and policies thus expecting strict compliance from the midwives. . By following the organizational hierarchy’s influence, she puts herself in a high position but never use her power constructively (Masquis & Huston, 2006). Due to top management instructions, she adheres to the current policies, making no changes in them but gives verbal instruction and changing policies to her likes and dislikes. This swifts away trust and open communications between the manager and the midwives. Due to unvented stress and high expectations from the nurse manager, the midwives burnout level have been exacerbated . Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment, as said by Maslach &Jackson (1981). Reports have proved that in this kind of environment, patient’s safety is at risk (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Participative leadership allows staff to participate in decision making and actively seek out the participation of those involved. This type of leadership allows staff to feel more committed to the goals they were involved (Faugier & Woolnough, 2002). The author feels that the head nurse should have these qualities so that the unit will run smoothly, and the staff will be appreciated and acknowledged so that good nursing care can be rendered. Transformational leadership is especially well suited for today’s fast changing healthcare environment where adaptation is extremely important (Welford,2002). It starts with the development of a vision that will excite and convert potential followers, (Outhwaite, 2003). To achieve organizational success, this style advocates for strong leadership qualities and these leaders use motivation in their approach than use rewards and punishment as said by Kouzes & Posner (2002). In the author’s point of view, this leadership is proposed as empowering leadership style which well suits in my unit and to be recognized by the nurse manager. According to Bowles & Bowels (2002), transformational leaders create a leadership culture for all team members nurturing empowerment, increase their autonomy and open communication for inclusive decision making. The nurse manager takes responsibilities for discussing care related matters with the midwives which makes them to be motivated and work more effectively to contribute to the development and provision of the unit, (Murphy. 2005). The ability of the leader to articulate a shared vision is an important aspect of transformational leadership (Faugier & Woolnough, 2002). Another leadership style is transactional leadership which focuses on providing day to day care between leaders and their employee. It aims to maintain equilibrium and harmony by using incentives to enhance staff loyalty and performance (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Laissez faire leadership is another style that leaves the staff alone to work with no directions or facilitations and is a highly risky form of leadership, (Sullivan & Decker 2005). Since the author’s placement is labor and delivery, it’s not advisable to have this kind of leader in this unit as it will increase the mortality rate. The high level of burnout and increased workload due to shortage of midwives and less rest days has resulted them to leave. This disequilibrium may trigger the risk of physical and mental health of these midwives. The manager has depleted the nurses basic psychological needs which are rest and sleep and at the same time reducing their self- esteem, as said in Maslow’s theory of human motivation. The leader should explore barriers and identify conflicts when they arise and collaborate with the team and be able to understand the employee’s perspective (Outhwaite,2003). A more effective form of leadership maybe situational leadership where the leader switches the style depending upon the situation at hand and upon the competence of the staff, (Faugier & Woolnough, 2002). The nurse manager must be good clinician and have judgment skills to handle any problem that cannot be handled by the staff. By doing so, the staff will listen to her as she guides them. Communication also plays a vital role as this can prevent conflict and smoothes the progress of team building in the unit Calpin-Davies, (2000). A good communicator gives the staff detailed instructions to perform tasks that are necessary to reach the goal. The nurse manager uses a communication book to provide important information to all the staff in the unit, as supported by Sullivan & Decker (2005). By reading and acknowledging with a signature, she assures the message has been reached effectively. As a leader, the nurse manager has to be a good listener. It provides the opportunity to receive valuable feedback that is used to avert some problems and resolve others and also giving greater understanding of the issues being discussed. When there are incidences in the unit, the nurse manager gives a listening ear to the staff and tries to solve the problems. She puts aside preconceived ideas or prejudices when listening to staff. Being a leader, the nurse manager delegates some of the tasks to the staff to focus on more complex aspects of running the unit. She delegates the right task to the right person, for example sending and collecting of narcotics by the midwife as these drugs used are cautioned in Saudi Arabia. A good leader fosters a congenial work environment by coaching, praising and training the staff to perform an excellent job and also by conducting continuous nursing education. Supervision goes in the observation of staff and to evaluate in the yearly performance appraisal. The author would recommend that the nurse manager in this unit has to change her leadership style to She should resources for proper quality care Conclusion Today, healthcare environment requires leaders to be skillful and knowledgeable and have strong inspirational leadership qualities across the health care organization. In this millennium, nursing must make a dedicated effort to nurture its young nurses to grow into effective and motivating leaders.

The Effect of Exercise

For whatever reason people exercise the benefits are worth the pain. The first thing exercise can effect, is your state of mind. Everyone can benefit from this. Someone that has a better state of mind will become less likely to suffer from depression. Another benefit would be to boost one's self esteem. If you look good you'll feel good. The mind is a powerful thing it controls everything, and those who aren't at peace create unmanaged stress. Most people are unaware of the emotional, and physical consequences of unmanaged stress. The second effect exercise can change is one's lifestyle.Exercising can boost your energy. It can improve muscle strength. Muscle strength can help when it comes to doing just the simple daily shores. Laundry, mopping and doing dishes can all become easier to complete after one starts to exercise on a regular. Another great benefit of having a better life style is that your social life will become more active. From dating to parting with friends, you will f ind yourself having the time of your life all from working out. The last but the most important effect exercise would change is your health.Being overweight can cause troubling health problems. Diabetes, and high blood pressure are just two of the main problems overweight people have. Exercising can lessen your chances of becoming ill. Becoming healthier can help a diabetic lower their needs for insulin and can cause one with high blood pressure to have a more stable vital sign. Daily exercise is one of the best medicines out there. It can have you feeling wide awake. Instead of drinking coffee (which can prevent you from falling asleep later, causing drowsiness again the next day) you should walk and keep moving.In conclusion a lot of things can happen because of exercise. Exercise is a benefit that everyone at any age can participate in. Rather it's just going to the gym, walking around the neighborhood, or simply just taking the stairs, you will reap the benefits. I just named a few things that exercise can change but there is a lot a great things that can change after one Starts to exercise. I personally feel completely better after started to exercise. Feel like have more energy, I feel like I can take on the world. So I will continue to exercise and I would encourage everyone to do the same.

A ghost story Essay

The Turn of the Screw is a story written in 1898 and from a governess’ point of view. In the main story the governess thinks the two children she is caring for are under the evil influence of two ghosts, Miss Jessel and Peter Quint. What we would expect from an opening to a ghost story written in 1898 is to be launched straight into the plot. We would expect this because this grips the reader’s attention and makes you want to read on. We would also expect the setting to be introduced because this makes you become involved in the story. We would expect the language to be complex because this is the style that was used in the eighteen hundreds. We would expect the characters to be introduced and to become real to the reader. We would expect this because the reader will not believe in the characters if they do not seem realistic. We would also expect atmosphere to be created because this prepares the reader for a ghost story and makes the reader feel part of the story. We would also expect tension to be created because this makes us want to read on. The Turn of the Screw is in some ways typical of an opening to a ghost story written in the eighteen hundreds because the style is complex: for the first sentence, which is long, dense and contains four conjunctions. This however suits the Turn of the Screw because it mirrors the complexity of the story. Similarly the Turn of the Screw is typical of an opening to a ghost story because atmosphere is created. There is a sinister feel created; this is because it is set ‘on Christmas Eve in an old house’. This prepares us for a ghost story that is about to be told. The group of strangers is sat ’round the fire’ in an old fashioned house. This gives the impression of a traditional setting for telling ghost stories. The fact that it is a group of strangers also makes it seem spookier. The atmosphere is emphasised when the members of the group pick up their candlesticks before they go to bed. This adds to the feeling that everything is very old fashioned and spooky. This is in keeping with ghost stories as they are usually set in old fashioned and have spooky atmosphere to them especially the setting. It also lets you imagine the scene of flickering candles in an old fashioned house. When Douglas goes up to bed the rest of the group ‘heard his step on the stair’. This gives the reader the impression that Douglas’ footsteps are echoing through ‘the great brown hall’. This adds to the atmosphere because the footsteps are echoing and spooky. The great brown hall also adds to the idea of the old fashioned house.

Managing and Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the body’s capacity to make use of glucose, fat and protein is disturbed due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is a hormone secreted from pancreas that helps glucose from food to enter the body’s cells where it is transformed into energy required by muscles and tissues to function. Diabetes is caused either because the pancreas does not secrete adequate insulin, or because cells do not react to the insulin that is produced. Due to this reason, an individual with diabetes does not take up glucose appropriately and glucose continues circulating in the blood (hyperglycaemia) harming tissues over time. This damage leads to acute health complications. The classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus are, Polyuria ,Polydipsia ,Polyphagia ,lethargy and weight loss. There are many causes for high blood glucose levels in the body and so a number of types of diabetes exist. Diabetes mellitus occur throughout the world. Based on the study conducted by IDF, the number of diabetics on earth stands at 365 million nearly 8. 5% of the global population. It is more widespread in the more developed countries. The greatest raise in incidence is, however, expected to happen in Africa and Asia, where majority of the diabetes patients will most likely be found by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is categorised into four broad groups: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes & â€Å"other specific types†. Scientists in US have found a Type 3 diabetes, it is still continuing further study. Type 1 diabetes is absolute insulin deficiency usually affects children and young adults. Type 2 Diabetes is an insidious progressive disease that is often diagnosed late when complication are present. Dunning (2004) described it as a long term complication with neuropathy, cardiovascular disease and retinopathy. It is a universal metabolic disorder affecting more than 2 million people in the United Kingdom and up to 750,000 more are expected to have it without knowing they do. Studies conducted show that 80% of population affected by diabetes live in developing and underdeveloped countries and the majority of people with diabetes is between 40 to 59 years of age. It is also estimated that 183 million people (50%) with diabetes are undiagnosed. It is noticed that Diabetes caused 4. million deaths in 2011 and caused sharp increase in medical expenditure. I am a staff nurse working in the cardiac ward and we often receive patients with cardiac problems as a long term complication of type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality in people with diabetes. Most of them are not diagnosed until they are admitted. During the course of this study the medical history and care and treatment provided to a patient named Mr M Davies who was admitted in my ward is chosen to learn about managing and reducing cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. In 1998 UKPDS pointed out the importance of reducing lipids blood pressure and blood Glucose to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension leads to thicker, less elastic blood vessel walls and increase the strain on the heart. Studies indicated that there is a linear correlation between the diastolic blood pressure and the eventual outcome of type 2 diabetes. Standl & Schnell (2000) pointed out that as a result of ischemia-induced remodelling subtle changes occur in the heart and the effects of hyperglycaemia on the endothelium of large blood vessels that causes heart to failure. Mr M Davies (Mr.  MD) is a 61-year-old pensioner with a 4 years history of type 2 diabetes. He was diagnosed in 2008 and he had symptoms of hyperglycaemia for 2 years before diagnosis. His fasting blood glucose records indicated values of 6–7 mmol/L, which were explained to him as symptomatic of â€Å"borderline diabetes. † During the preliminary diagnosis, he was advised to reduce weight (â€Å"at least 10 lb. †), but no further action was taken. Other medical problems include obesity and hypertension. He was admitted in the ward with recurrent chest pain. (Appendix 1) This assignment is about managing and reducing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart disease is well acknowledged as a chronic problem of diabetes, and is the major reason of morbidity and mortality in patients from middle-age onwards. Type 2 diabetes is associated at the onset with risk factors for heart disease such as hypertension and obesity, raising the question of whether diabetes is the independent risk factor for heart disease. In 2001 Morrish et al pointed out that the majority of cardiovascular deaths are specifically due to heart disease and this is supported by Fisher, Miles, (2008) commenting that heart disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality at young as well as older ages. Butler (1997) said that increased life expectancy has led to an increase in the number of people over 65 years of in both the developed and developing worlds. Marso (2003) pointed out that due to the clear association between age and the development diabetes, this increase in the number of older individuals in the population will inevitably contribute to the increased prevalence of diabetes. Watkins (2008) mentioned that Type 2 diabetes is a disease of relative prosperity, prosperity leads to overweight and physical indolence. Insulin resistance, increasing with obesity, associated with progressive failure of insulin secretion in relation to ageing underlies the development of diabetes. It is anticipated that by 2025 the number of people with type 2 diabetes will be around 380 million and people with impaired glucose tolerance will be around 418 million. Diabetes is the foremost global cause of premature mortality that is broadly underestimated, because only a few among the diabetic patients die from reasons uniquely related to the condition. Nearly one half of type 2 diabetes patients die prematurely of a cardiovascular reason and approximately 10% die of renal failure. Diabetes is a condition that required to be managed every day. The management of Diabetes can refer to dealing with short term measures like high and low blood sugar to regulating it over the long term for instance by attaining to grips with knowing the condition. All patients with Type 2 diabetes require active dietary management throughout their disease. Watkins (2008) pointed out that weight loss in the obese is extremely valuable but is separate from dietary manipulations to control blood glucose. Treatment typically includes diet control, exercise, monitoring blood sugar at home, and in some cases, oral medication and/or taking insulin. Based on the type diabetes medicines are classified into different groups and each category of diabetes pills functions differently. Commonly used medicines to control diabetes are Sulfonylureas, Thiazolidinediones, Biguanides, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Meglitinides and, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Sulfonylureas reduce blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. Sulfonylureas medicines like Glimeperide, Gliclazide,. Biguanides improve insulin’s capacity to transfer sugar into cells particularly into the muscle cells. They also stop the liver from releasing stored sugar. Biguanides are not advised to be used in people who have heart failure or kidney damage. Biguanides medicines such as Metformin. Thiazolidinediones like Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone enhances effectiveness of insulin in muscle and in fat tissue. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as Precose (acarbose) and Glyset (miglitol) prevent enzymes that help digest starches, reducing the rise in blood sugar. These medicines may cause diarrhea or gas. They can decrease hemoglobin A1c by 0. 5%-1%. Meglitinides, like Prandin (repaglinide) and Starlix (nateglinide) reduces blood sugar level by stimulating the pancreas to secreate more insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, such as Januvia (sitagliptin), Onglyza (saxagliptin), and Tradjenta (linagliptin) lowers blood sugar level in patients with type 2 diabetes by accelerating insulin secretion from the pancreas and lowering sugar production. The case history of Mr. MD indicated that he was advised to manage blood sugar level by diet control and regular exercise. It was also advised to take metformin 1000mg twice a day when diet and exercise are not enough to manage blood sugar level. The history showed that Mr. MD was non-compliance with any of these. On admission his random blood sugar was 20 mmol/L. As he was unable to tolerate oral intake due to nausea and chest pain, GKI was commenced for a day to control his blood sugar. On second day his blood sugar level was controlled and he started eating and drinking normally. Mr MD was referred to diabetic specialist nurse and dietician . Diabetic specialist nurse advised to stop GKI and advised to start OHA. Mr. MD commenced on metformin 1000mg three times a day (Learning outcome 1). Metformin has long been accepted as a appropriate first-line choice of oral medicine for Type 2 diabetes as it is the only oral hypoglycaemic agent related with no weight gain or even weight reduction. They decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, boost peripheral glucose uptake and also lower the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut lumen. Because metformin functions on insulin sensitivity and with only endogenous glucose stimulated insulin secretion, it virtually never causes hypoglycaemia on its own and patients using it with diet and exercise do not need routinely to self-monitor blood glucose. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS, 2002) demonstrated a significant survival advantage for Type 2 patients started on metformin as first-line therapy, with less cardiovascular mortality, although it should be noted that they only used the drug in obese patients. Obesity is a worldwide problem. Barnett (2009) pointed out that obesity and overweight are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various studies reveal that obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor across world’s populations. Risk of morbidity and mortality begins to increase at body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m 2 and the risk raises sharply at BMI >30 kg/m 2. Each kilogram of weight put on from the age of 18 years was linked with 3. 1% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In 1998 Gunnell observed that over weight in adolescence is a forecaster of these dangers in adulthood . These finding were supported by Must in 1992,who explained that this increased risk extends to overweight children and adolescents, who may be at risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and death. The mechanism by which obesity causes increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is attributed to associated co-morbidities and risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The co-occurrence of some or all of these risk factors along with obesity is termed the cardiometabolic syndrome. On examination it was noticed that Mr.  MD has a high BMI (30. 9). West (2007). Suggested that addressing obesity is an essential aspect of managing diabetes, because type2 diabetes and many other health problems coexist. However it is important to consider the individual’s specific nutritional needs rather than just providing them with a ‘weight loss plan,’ ‘diabetic diet,’ a ‘standard meal plan or information about healthy eating. ’ Mr. MD was referred to the dietician. Dietician gave dietary advice and educated about importance of weight management by diet and regular exercise. He was advised to avoid take-away foods, reduce alcohol consumption and taking balanced food to prevent hypo and hyper glycaemia (Learning outcome 1).. Hypertension-Prevention & Management is very important in the management of metabolic diseases. In 1985 Modan et al pointed out that there is a strong relationship between high blood pressure and insulin resistance. This findings is supported by Reaven, (1999) . He said that the prevalence of insulin resistance in hypertension has been estimated at 50%. Scheen, (2004) proposed several possible mechanisms for this. Coutinho et al. (1999) said that impaired fasting blood glucose is related with high cardiovascular risk particularly if accompanied by hypertension. Henry et al. , (2002) said that in people with diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk is increased two to fourfold compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. This was supported by the study conducted by Heffner et al. , (1998) who said that diabetic people without past history of myocardial infarction may have as high a risk of myocardial infarction as non-diabetic patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction. Non-pharmacological interventions are cheap than pharmacological interventions and have no known dangerous effects. A range of lifestyle changes reduce blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertension. Non-pharmacological interventions such as weight loss in the overweight, exercise programmes, limiting alcohol intake and a diet with increased fruit and vegetables and limited saturated fat content, minimising dietary sodium consumption and increased dietary potassium intake. From the medical history of Mr MD it is noticed that he was taking Ramipril 5 mg/day and bisoprolol2. mg/daily. It is established that where non-pharmacological interventions are not enough to achieve the objectives then Pharmacological interventions are required. Several drug treatments are of proven value in minimising cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and hypertension. Low-dose aspirin is suggested in diabetes whether or not there is evidence of large vessel disease. Williams et al. , (2004) noticed that the British Hypertension Society recommends 75 mg of aspirin for all with hypertension and diabetes, unless contraindicated. Antihypertensive therapy diminishes the risk of macrovascular complications by around 20%. Reducing blood pressure reduces progression of retinopathy, albuminuria and progression to nephropathy. Staessen et al. , (1997) observed that clinical trials with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers have demonstrated benefit of treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (Learning outcome 1).. On admission blood pressure level of Mr MD was very high. He was recommended treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Consultant prescribed Losartan 100 mg/day and increased ACE inhibitor (ramipril 10 mg/day) and beta-blocker (bisoprolol 5 mg/dayl). Studies show that treatment with ramipril in addition to standard therapy minimised combined myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death by about 25% and stroke by 33% compared with placebo plus conventional methods. This was supported by Sowers and Haffner, (2002) saying that almost all patients with hypertension and diabetes require combinations of blood pressure reducing drugs to attain the recommended blood pressure targets. During the treatment Mr. MD was advised non-pharmacological methods of blood pressure management and importance of diet control and referred to cardiac rehabilitation for regular exercise. Management of high cholesterol plays an important role in the management of diabetes. Lipid abnormalities are common in type 2 diabetes and can be broadly categorized into two groups: those that are common to the general population, for example elevated total and LDL cholesterol; and additional diabetes-related abnormalities, for example elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol. Current US and European guidelines emphasize reducing LDL-C level to less than 100 mg/dL (2. 59 mmol/L). To reduce the cholesterol Mr. MD was undergone intensive lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day. Dietary therapy was also a part of the treatment which was found effective to lower Lipids. Interventions to stabilize lipids in order to decrease the risk of CVD are warranted in people with type 2 diabetes. Both Fibrates and Statins improve lipid profiles in people with diabetes. Many studies have established the safety and effectiveness of the fibrates (gemfibrozil, bezofibrate, fenofibrate) in diabetes. Fibrates stimulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a, changing the expression of a number of enzymes that regulate lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase. Statins inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is rate restrictive in cholesterol production. Another major strategy in the management diabetes is lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle interventions can progress lipid levels. Studies conducted on weight loss and lipids in type 2 diabetes have varied greatly as to the study diet, design and duration. A Meta-analysis of 89 studies and 1800 subjects with type 2 diabetes reported that a weight loss of 5% or greater reduced triglyceride levels by 10 ±40% and total cholesterol by 5 ±15%. These effects were greatest with very low-calorie diets, and the effects were seen in studies up to 6 months. A variety of diets can alter the lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes. The organisation of diabetes care is very important in the long term management of diabetes care. Diabetes is the significant disease confronting the United Kingdom’s (UK) health care system. As a result, understanding how best to manage diabetes facilities is an important area if the health system is going to deal with the growth in both the demand for and cost of diabetes treatment. Care should be planed at reducing symptoms and minimizing the danger of long-term problems. It is pointed out that a proper balance of glucose and other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, inactive lifestyle, dyslipidaemia and obesity is very crucial (UKPDS, 2002) in the organisation care of diabetes.

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Administration Effectiveness Essay Example for Free

Administration Effectiveness Essay The organizations must put up realistic and attainable objectives . This is something that can be understood by way of saying that goals of the unit must be made accordance with the support in terms of personnel , resources and equipment available to the unit . It is no right to put up goals that could not be supported by current logistics and personnel available within the unit. This study aimed to determine the administrative effectiveness of the Bureau of Jail Management and penology in the province of Albay in order to recommend measures for improvement to enhance a better system of jail management . Specifically , it sought answers to the following questions : 1. What is the status of Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in the Province of Albay in terms of : a.) Administration b.) Manpower c.) Physical Facilities d.) Services e.) Inmates 2. What is the level of effectiveness of the Bureau of Jail Management And Penology in the Province Of Albay in terms of : a.) Administrative Services b.) Security and Custodial Services c.)Rehabilitation Services 3. What are the problems encountered and solutions offered ? 4. What action plan may be proposed to effect a better system of jail management ? The study utilized the descriptive research method using the 5-point Likert scale to assess the perceptions of the respondents . A total of fourteen (14) officers , one hundred ten (110) non officers rank and thirty- six (36) inmates were considered respondents in this study. See more:Â  The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis Essay FINDINGS The following are the findings in this study . 1. The status of the Bureau of Jail Management and penology are presented in terms of its administration, manpower ,physical facilities , services and inmates. The services were more of the rehabilitation programs provided in different jails . A total of 124 BJMP personnel comprised the entire Albay BJMP. 2. The perceptions of the three groups of respondents o the level of effectiveness of its administrative services , security and custodial services and rehabilitation services are the following : the personnel and budget assessed to be as very effective with average mean of 3.41 inmates welfare with 3.20 also as very effective , mess and supply with 2.81 also as effective as general services with 3.28 as effective . The security and custodial services with the following average mean 3.88 or very effective and escort team with 3.84 also as very effective. Rehabilitation services in terms of the following components : Religious and guidance counseling with 3.24 or very effective livelihood with 2.69 or effective and health services with 2.80 or effective. 3. Most pressing problems were focused on insufficient office supplies , lighting , water and communication facilities as perceived by the non-officers and inmates while the officers viewed no capital outlay and lack of office equipment bunks ,mats and prisoners van as their most pressing problems . The solutions offered : funds for repair and procurement as perceived by the non-officer and inmates is budget for construction of jail facilities / transportation and funds for traveling expenses while the officers perceived on the jail extension . 4. Proposed action plan is prepared in order to address the pressing problems in jail administration and management . CONCLUSIONS From the foregoing findings , the following conclusions are drawn . 1. The services as rendered for rehabilitation by the administration were : conducting religious counseling and guidance ; establishing livelihood programs and activities ; and providing health services to the inmates . 2. Health services and livelihood projects were the only vital needs of inmates to make them productive while incarcerated. 3. Insufficient office supplies and materials and physical facilities were noted as the most pressing problems of proper physical facilities will be install , it will probably ensure safety and security of both inmates and the BJMP personnel . 4. Activities proposed in the action plan are implementable and can be easily achieved by the Albay BJMP. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The BJMP Central Office should Increase the funds allocated for the different jail Station/ offices. They should make intense representations to the DBM for them to release the immediate needed funds . Investigation of the physical condition and evaluation of the funds requested to ensure the viability of the programs presented. 2. The programs for rehabilitation services are more anchored on the health services to ensure the physical condition of the inmates . Likewise, livelihood projects should be provided to make the inmates more productive while they were incarcerated . Moreover, they should established linkages with other non-governmental agencies to help them in improving their undertakings particularly in the conduct of religious services and other viable programs. 3. Require the administration to adhere to the most and pressing problems of the jail offices and stations . install and give priority to the additional physical facilities such as lighting , water units , mattresses , and other office equipment . The office may not be able to supplement the needed supplies and materials but they could possibly solicit them from other local government agencies . 4. Immediate implementation of the proposed action plan. Areas for further study : a. Evaluation of on-going rehabilitation programs and projects for the Albay Provincial Jail . b. inmates plight in Legaspi City Jail. c. Perceptions on Jail Breaks in Legaspi City. d. Construction Of Conjugal Rooms For Inmates . e. Immediate Evaluation and Judgment of various cases.